THE
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO HAND PAINTED CHINA
Steve
Smith and Terry Halloran are taking an innovative approach to
painted china, recognising that they have to live up to a very
long heritage in the art. Never-the-less they believe they are
offering something radically new that has not been seen before
in well over 1000 years of painted china.
China,
or porcelain, had been made in China at least since the 7th
century AD, but it is supposed to have first come to the attention
of Europeans through the travels of Marco Polo. The vital ingredient,
china clay or kaolin, was not discovered in the western world
until the early 1700's; until that time china was imported at
huge expense. The first European deposits were discovered near
Dresden and shortly afterwards a method was found of firing
it to make a hard translucent material, resembling that seen
and reputed to have been named as china by Marco Polo. The famous
Meissen porcelain company thus came into existence around 1710.
The
discovery of china clay in France and England lead to the formation
of many other famous-name porcelain companies like Sevres, Limoges
and Royal Worcester. Kaolin was first discovered in Cornwall in
1746. The deposits were huge and were of a much finer quality than
elsewhere in Europe. A large china industry developed in England
as a result, with the Royal Worcester company being one of the first
in 1751. Initially, this company produced a soft-paste china (like
that of Sevres), but from the 1760's bone china became the staple
of the English china industry. The addition of bone ash to the porcelain
mix made it harder, more durable and translucent.
The
painting of china is an ancient art form and was also first developed
by the Chinese. The freehand painting of china started in Europe
in the early 18th century with the Meissen and Sevres companies.
The great success of Meissen porcelain was due to the fine artists
who decorated it and to an exquisite range of figures of people
and animals.
A
typical piece of Sevres had richly coloured backgrounds and white
panels painted with birds, flowers, landscapes, or people. In
Worcester, the art of painting on the glaze in enamel colours
was also mastered and some examples that have survived from the
first years are of an extremely high quality. Over the next 150
years the Worcester company built a reputation for the finest
handpainted china - many rich and extensive dinner services were
made during the 19th century for the British Royal Family and
many wealthy clients. This company was also, however, one of the
first to introduce porcelain decorated with transfer prints (as
early as 1760), thereby making decorated china available to a
wider audience.
The
development of transfer (decal) printing and lithography opened
up china to mass markets and companies inevitably found that freehand
painted work began to appear very expensive by the time it arrived
at the retail outlet. In modern times the overheads involved in
running a large quoted company and stocking a retail outlet often
mean that the final price, with sales taxes, of a freehand painted
piece might be very many times the actual cost of the painting.
Hand
painted china has a wonderful silky delicacy and great vibrancy.
The level of detail that Steve and Terry can introduce to their
designs (as seen in the image left) is quite stunning and means
that these works of art will be admired and cherished for generations.
The use of the inside-outside technique, which Steve developed,
is at the heart of their work on china and probably makes it unique;
this technique and the end result has quite probably never been
seen before on china throughout its long history.
In
the future, most pieces will be on exclusive shapes that Steve
and Terry have designed themselves and had turned to the highest
specification on modern machinery. Moulds are made from the turned
shapes and very high quality white bone china blanks are produced
by hand by local craftsmen in the Worcester area. The combination
of their superb craftsmanship and Steve and Terry's art is likely
to prove a winning combination.
|